CMake使用入门

极夜•潜 posted @ 2011年7月04日 03:12 in Programming with tags cmake , 20844 阅读

一、开胃菜

hello目录下的文件结构：

├── CMakeLists.txt
├── hello.c
├── hello.h
└── main.c

C代码见下节。

最简单的cmake配置文件：

project(HELLO)
set(SRC_LIST main.c hello.c)
add_executable(hello ${SRC_LIST})

如果要编译成gdb可调试的debug版本，则在配置文件中加入：

set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug)

如果要编译成可用gprof分析的版本，则在配置文件中加入：

set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Profile)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_PROFILE "-pg")

最简单的编译过程（在hello目录中编译）：

cmake .
make

这样就会在hello目录中生成可执行文件hello和其他cmake相关的配置文件。

为了让代码整洁，可以使用所谓的out-of-source编译方式：

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make

这样编译产生的所有文件都在build中了。

二、一个小工程hello示范

本例主要包含独立库文件、可执行文件的编译和安装过程中涉及的相关问题。

hello目录中的文件结构：

├── CMakeLists.txt
├── libhello
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   ├── hello.c
│   └── hello.h
└── src
    ├── CMakeLists.txt
    └── main.c

文件内容如下：

project(HELLO)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX /tmp/hello)
add_subdirectory(libhello)
add_subdirectory(src)

set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX：设置程序的安装目录，优先级比cmake命令参数设置高。

set(LIB_SRC hello.c)
add_definitions("-DLIBHELLO_BUILD")
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
add_library(libhello SHARED ${LIB_SRC})
add_library(hello_static STATIC ${LIB_SRC})
install(TARGETS libhello LIBRARY DESTINATION lib)
install(TARGETS hello_static ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib)
install(FILES hello.h  DESTINATION include)
set_target_properties(libhello PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")
set_target_properties(hello_static PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")

（1）add_library：生成库文件，SHARED表示动态链接库；
（2）set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH：生成的库文件路径，PROJECT_BINARY_DIR和CMAKE_BINARY_DIR、<projectname>_BINARY_DIR都是指进行编译的目录；
（3）install：安装头文件和库文件到相应的目录；
（4）set_target_properties(libhello：生成的库文件名为libhello.so，若没有这一行，库文件名就是liblibhello.so。

include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libhello)
link_directories(${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib)
aux_source_directory(. APP_SRC)
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
add_executable(hello ${APP_SRC})
target_link_libraries(hello libhello)
install(TARGETS hello RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)
set_property(TARGET hello PROPERTY INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE)

（1）include_directories：指定头文件路径；
（2）link_directories：指定库文件路径；
（3）aux_source_directory：将当前目录（.）中的所有文件名赋值给APP_SRC；
（4）set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH：生成的可执行文件的路径，PROJECT_BINARY_DIR和CMAKE_BINARY_DIR、<projectname>_BINARY_DIR都是指进行编译的目录；
（5）add_executable：生成可执行文件，PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR和CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR、<projectname>_SOURCE_DIR都是工程的顶级目录；
（6）target_link_libraries：libhello要和./libhello/CMakeLists.txt中的libhello对应；
（7）install(TARGETS：安装程序到${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin目录；
（8）set_property：设定安装的可执行文件所需的库文件路径，如果没有该项设置，会出错：cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory。

#ifndef DBZHANG_HELLO_
#define DBZHANG_HELLO_
#if defined _WIN32
    #if LIBHELLO_BUILD
        #define LIBHELLO_API __declspec(dllexport)
    #else
        #define LIBHELLO_API __declspec(dllimport)
    #endif
#else
    #define LIBHELLO_API
#endif
LIBHELLO_API void hello(const char* name);
#endif //DBZHANG_HELLO_
#include <stdio.h>
#include "hello.h"

void hello(const char *name)
{
     printf ("Hello %s!\n", name);
}
#include "hello.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
     hello("World");
     return 0;
}

在hello目录下编译程序：

mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp
make
make install

（1）-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp让程序的安装目录变为/tmp/bin，默认情况CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local；
（2）若在CMakeLists.txt中设置了set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX /tmp/hello)，此处的设置无效。

编译之后，hello目录中主要文件结构：

├── build
│   ├── bin
│   │   └── hello
│   ├── lib
│   │   ├── libhello.so
│   │   └── libhello.a
│   ├── libhello
│   └── src
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── libhello
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   ├── hello.c
│   └── hello.h
└── src
    ├── CMakeLists.txt
    └── main.c

build目录中有4个子目录，libhello和src目录中是源文件对应目录在cmake过程中生成的中间文件。

安装后，/tmp/hello目录内的结构：

├── bin
│   └── hello
├── include
│   └── hello.h
└── lib
    ├── libhello.a
    └── libhello.so

参考资料：
http://blog.csdn.net/dbzhang800/article/details/6314073
http://blog.csdn.net/dbzhang800/article/details/6329068
http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_RPATH_handling
Cmake实践（by Cjacker）

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可以试试 xmake。。也很方便的，用xmake.lua来描述工程。。http://www.xmake.io

target("test")
set_kind("binary")
add_files("src/*.c")

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